Leon Bible’s book “Finis Jennings Dake: His Life and Ministry” presents itself as a defense of Dake’s theology, particularly his doctrine of the Trinity. However, a careful examination of Dake’s actual writings reveals that Bible either profoundly misunderstands or deliberately misrepresents what Dake taught. This article will demonstrate through extensive quotations from Dake’s own works that his teaching on the Trinity was not orthodox Christianity but tritheism—belief in three separate Gods.
Introduction: The Deception Unveiled
In his appendix on the Trinity, Leon Bible works diligently to portray Finis Dake as holding orthodox views on this fundamental Christian doctrine. He quotes classical definitions from theologians like H. Orton Wiley, compares them with selected quotes from Dake, and concludes that Dake’s view “is well within the bounds of the orthodox view.” This portrayal is not merely incomplete—it is fundamentally misleading.
The problem is not what Leon Bible includes in his analysis but what he deliberately excludes. By carefully selecting only those statements from Dake that sound orthodox while ignoring the overwhelming evidence of Dake’s tritheistic teaching, Bible creates a false impression of theological orthodoxy where heresy actually exists.
Part I: What Leon Bible Claims About Dake’s Trinity Doctrine
What Leon Bible Said:
From Leon Bible, pages 479-480:
“Note that Dake’s definition of the Trinity includes all the elements of the classical definition. In fact, the similarity between Dake’s and Wesley’s definitions are striking. No doubt Dake gleaned his definition from Wesley.”
From Leon Bible, page 480:
“Without doubt, Dake’s view of the Trinity is compatible with the orthodox view as stated in Moody. There can be no argument here.”
Leon Bible presents Dake’s definition of the Trinity from God’s Plan for Man, page 51:
Dake’s Definition (as quoted by Leon Bible):
“TRINITY. This means the union of three persons—the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit in one (unified) Godhead or divinity—so that all three persons are one in unity and eternal substance, but three separate and distinct persons as to individuality.”
At first glance, this definition might appear orthodox. The words “one in unity and eternal substance” sound like traditional Trinitarian language. However, Leon Bible fails to inform his readers what Dake means by these terms and how radically he redefines them throughout his writings.
Part II: What Dake Actually Taught – The Evidence Leon Bible Ignored
The Critical Redefinition of “One”
While Leon Bible quotes Dake saying the Trinity is “one in unity and eternal substance,” he fails to reveal how Dake completely redefines what “one” means when referring to God. Let’s examine what Dake actually taught:
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Deuteronomy 6:4:
“The doctrine of the Trinity is simply stated as one in unity, not in number. There are three separate and distinct persons, each having His own personal spirit body, personal soul, and personal spirit.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Deuteronomy 6:4, note h
Notice what Dake is saying here: God is NOT one in number but only one in unity—like a team working together. This fundamentally contradicts the orthodox understanding that God is one in essence or being. Leon Bible completely omits this crucial clarification that reveals Dake’s tritheism.
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, page 51 (the very page Leon Bible quotes):
“The Hebrew word for one is echad, meaning a united one, not an absolute one… It is used of two becoming one flesh (Genesis 2:24)… The same word is used in Genesis 2:24 of two persons becoming one. It should be clear that the word one denotes unity, not the numeral one.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 51
This is a critical distinction that Leon Bible deliberately obscures. Dake is explicitly denying that God is numerically one—he’s saying there are three separate Gods who are merely united in purpose, like a husband and wife are “one flesh” while remaining two distinct persons.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible topic section on “One”:
“The Heb. for one here (Dt. 6:4) is echad which means united as o., as well as o. in number; and certainly its use in this passage means composite unity and not absolute unity. Elohim is unified, not divided; this is what is stated here and what should be so understood… When individuals of this Divine Unity are intended that is very clear, as in 1 Cor. 8:4-6; Eph. 4:4-6 where three persons are singled out and referred to in the same since as we refer to three men.”
Source: Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, Combined Topics section, “One, Two, or More in Unity,” point 5
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, pages 493-494:
“Cannot any number of persons retain their individuality and still be one in unity? Could not this be true of the Godhead? Could not God exist as three separate persons with three separate bodies, souls, and spirits, and still be one in unity?… From another standpoint, we can believe that ‘one God,’ ‘one Lord,’ and ‘one Spirit’ literally mean one in number in some cases, as is plainly stated in 1 Cor. 8:6; Eph. 4:3-6. These passages refer to single persons of the three persons in the Trinity. Just as we can speak of three men being one in unity and then single out each of these three men as one in number if we want to speak of them as individuals, so it is with God.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, pages 493-494
Three Separate Beings with Separate Bodies
Leon Bible quotes Dake saying the three persons are “separate and distinct persons as to individuality” but fails to explain what Dake means by this. Throughout his writings, Dake makes it abundantly clear that he believes in three completely separate divine beings, each with their own body:
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, page 51:
“God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, each and every separate person in the universe has a personal body, soul, and spirit in the same sense that each human being, angel, or any other being has his own body, soul, and spirit which are separate and distinct from all others.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 51
This is not a minor theological nuance—this is a complete rejection of the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity. Bodies, by definition, separate one being from another. If each person of the Trinity has a separate body, they cannot be one being. They must be three separate beings—three Gods.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, “89 Proofs of A Divine Trinity” section:
“What we mean by Divine Trinity is that there are three separate and distinct persons in the Godhead, each one having His own personal spirit body, personal soul, and personal spirit in the same sense each human being, angel, or any other being has his own body, soul, and spirit. We mean by body, whether a spirit body or a flesh body, the house for the indwelling of the personal soul and spirit.”
Source: Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, Combined Topics section, “89 Proofs of A Divine Trinity”
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Genesis 1:26:
“God has a personal spirit body… shape, image, likeness, bodily parts such as, back parts, heart, hands and fingers, mouth, lips, tongue, feet, eyes, hair, head, face, arms, loins, and other bodily parts.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Genesis 1:26, note j, page 1
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible Combined Topics:
“The Bible declares that God has a body, shape, image, likeness, bodily parts, a personal soul and spirit, and all other things that constitute a being or a person with a body, soul, and spirit… Angels, cherubim, seraphim, and all other spirit beings have spirit bodies and personal souls and spirits. They have been seen with the natural eyes of men over 100 times in Scripture. If all other spirit beings have spirit bodies, could not the members of the Trinity also have spirit bodies?”
Source: Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, Combined Topics section
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, regarding the separate bodies of the Trinity:
“If the fact is revealed that there are three separate distinct beings in the Deity or Godhead, this would be sufficient to warrant the conclusion that each of them have separate bodies, souls, and spirits, like all other separate and distinct beings… Daniel saw two of them with separate bodies at the same time and at the same place (Dan. 7:9-14). Stephen saw two of them at the same place (Acts 7:56-59)… If we spoke of three persons among angels or men and described the body, soul, and spirit of only one of them, it would be clearly understood that the other two were similar to the one that was described. All persons of like nature, powers, attributes, and works are naturally the same regardless of how many there are in existence.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, pages 67-68
The “God Class” Doctrine
Leon Bible fails to mention one of Dake’s most revealing teachings—that humans are in the “God class” of beings. This teaching demolishes any pretense of orthodox Trinitarianism:
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, page 35:
“Man is in the God class of beings… The only difference between God and man is that God is all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-present, while man is limited in these respects.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 35
If humans are in the same “class” as God, differing only in degree rather than in essential nature, then God is not the unique, transcendent Creator but simply the most powerful being among many similar beings. This is precisely what Mormons teach, and it is utterly contrary to biblical Christianity.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, regarding creation of free moral agents:
“When Spirit and human free wills were created they were inexperienced as to right and wrong and as to the true nature of the great Being which had brought them into existence. They were created miniatures of God in attributes and powers and could exercise their powers and attributes like God, but only in a limited and finite way… Being like God in body, soul, and spirit they could naturally enjoy the same feelings, emotions and desires as God and have perfect fellowship with Him in their mutual administration of the universe.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, pages 385-386
Explicit Denial of God’s Omnipresence
Leon Bible claims Dake held orthodox views about God’s nature, but Dake explicitly denies fundamental attributes of God that are essential to orthodox theology:
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Jeremiah 23:24:
“God is NOT omnipresent in body but in Spirit through the Holy Spirit.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Jeremiah 23:24, note c
This is a stunning admission. Dake is saying God the Father is not omnipresent—He is limited to wherever His body happens to be located. Only through the Holy Spirit (a separate God in Dake’s system) can the Father know what’s happening elsewhere. This fundamentally contradicts the biblical and orthodox understanding of God’s nature.
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Genesis 11:5:
“The fact that God came down from heaven to earth on different occasions proves He moves from place to place and is not omnipresent in body, but in Spirit through the Holy Spirit.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Genesis 11:5, note b
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible Combined Topics on “Omnipresent”:
“God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit are all present where there are beings with whom they have dealings; but they are not omnibody, that is, their bodies are not omnipresent. All three go from place to place bodily as other beings in the universe do.”
Source: Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, Combined Topics, “Omnipresent”
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, explaining omnipresence:
“Spirit beings, including God, Himself, cannot be omnipresent in body, for their bodies are of ordinary size and must be at one place at a time, in the same way that bodies of men are always localized, being in one place at a time. God, angels, and other spirit beings go from place to place bodily as men do; but their presence can be any place in the universe—wherever there are other persons who also have the sense of presence enough to feel the presence of others regardless of bodily distance between them.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, pages 60-61
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, regarding location:
“God personally dwells in Heaven, not everywhere. Jesus addressed His Father and referred to Him as being in Heaven. Eighteen times He said, ‘Father which is in heaven’ (Matt. 5:16, 45, 48; 6:1, 9; 7:11, 21, etc.)… Not one time does one Scripture refer to God as being bodily everywhere. God is omni-present but not omni-body, that is, His presence can be felt by moral agents who are everywhere, but His body cannot be seen by them every place at the same time. God has a body and goes from place to place like anybody else.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 61
Part III: How Leon Bible’s Comparisons Mislead
The Moody Handbook Comparison Deception
Leon Bible creates a comparison chart between the Moody Handbook of Theology’s requirements for biblical Trinity doctrine and Dake’s statements. Let’s examine how this comparison misleads:
What Leon Bible Said:
Leon Bible claims Dake meets all four requirements:
- God is one in regard to essence
- God is three with respect to Persons
- The three Persons have distinct relationships
- The three Persons are equal in authority
He quotes Dake saying “all three persons are one in unity and eternal substance” as proof Dake believes God is one in essence.
But Leon Bible conceals what Dake means by “one in unity and eternal substance.” Let’s see what Dake actually teaches about the unity of God:
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, pages 480-481:
“The unity of oneness of Jehovah and Elohim… There can be no division or disunity between them… The Trinity of God… There are more Elohim than one, and yet Jehovah is the unity of all of them and Jehovah, or the collective Godhead, is one or united in all things pertaining to the creation and redemption… Three separate persons or beings, then the only way they can be in this sense of unity is to be agreed in purpose, plan, and work.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, pages 480-481
Dake explicitly states that the “unity” of God is merely agreement in purpose, plan, and work—not unity of essence or being. This is precisely what tritheists teach: three separate Gods who work together. Leon Bible’s comparison completely obscures this fundamental departure from orthodoxy.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible Combined Topics on “One”:
“These three (individuals-the Father, the Word or Son, and the Holy Ghost) are o. (1 Jn. 5:7). The only sense in which three can be done is in unity—never in number of persons. The disciples, as in Jn.17:11,21-23, for instance, were not to become o. person, o. individual, or o. being with only o. human body, o. soul, and o. spirit. They were to become o. in unity, consecrated to the same end to which God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit are consecrated—the highest good of all. They were to retain their own bodies, souls, spirits and personalities as individuals. So it is with the three Divine Members of the Divine Trinity—the separate persons in Elohim always retain their own personal body, soul, and spirit, yet they are one in perfect unity.”
Source: Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, Combined Topics, “One, Two, or More in Unity,” point 24
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, regarding 1 John 5:7-8:
“For there are THREE that bear record in heaven, the Father, the Word and the Holy Ghost: and these THREE are ONE. And there are THREE that bear witness in earth, the Spirit, and the water, and the blood; and these THREE agree in ONE… The word one is explained in Point I, 3, 4, and Point II, 6 above, for which see… The only sense in which THREE can be ONE is the sense of unity, and ONE PERSON cannot be THREE PERSONS in any sense. So the old idea that God exists as three persons in one person is not only unscriptural, but it is ridiculous to say the least.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 65
The Westminster Confession Misdirection
What Leon Bible Said:
“An examination of Dake’s definition of the Trinity, when compared to this definition by the Westminster Confession of Faith, shows that Dake’s definition is well within the bounds of the orthodox view.”
The Westminster Confession states: “In the unity of the Godhead there be three Persons, of one substance, power, and eternity.” The key phrase is “one substance”—the three persons share the same divine essence. But what does Dake actually teach about this?
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on John 10:30:
“Christ did not mean that He and the Father were one in person, for there are too many passages that prove they are two separate and distinct persons… They are one in unity, purpose, and agreement, but not in person or body.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, John 10:30, note i
When Jesus says “I and my Father are one,” orthodox Christianity understands this as unity of essence while maintaining distinction of persons. Dake rejects this, claiming they are merely one in purpose and agreement—exactly what Jehovah’s Witnesses and other heretical groups teach about this verse.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, regarding interpenetration:
“Men control each other to the extent of oneness with each other. So it is with God and Satan, who control men to the extent of union with them to the same end. Thus, when God dwelled in Christ and Christ dwelled in God, it did not mean they were one person or that they dwelt inside each other bodily. They were one in union—one to the same end, in the same sense that men and Christ, or men and men, dwell in each other. He that is joined to the Lord is one Spirit (1 Cor. 6:17).”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 50
Part IV: Dake’s Teaching on Each Person of the Trinity
God the Father – A Limited, Located Being
Leon Bible would have his readers believe Dake taught orthodox doctrine about God the Father. Here’s what Dake actually taught:
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, page 371:
“God the Father has a personal spirit body, a personal soul, and a personal spirit, like any other being in existence… He has bodily parts such as, back parts (Ex. 33:23), heart (Gen. 6:6; 8:21), hands and fingers (Ps. 8:3-6; Heb. 1:10), mouth (Num. 12:8), lips and tongue (Isa. 30:27), feet (Ex. 24:10), eyes (Ps. 11:4; 33:18), hair, head, face, and arms (Dan. 7:9-14; 10:5-19; Rev. 5:1-7).”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 371
This is not metaphorical or anthropomorphic language in Dake’s understanding—he literally believes God has all these body parts. This makes God a creature, not the Creator. A being with a body is necessarily limited, located, and finite—everything orthodox theology denies about God.
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Psalm 139:7:
“The Father is not personally omnipresent. His actual presence is in heaven, but His influence and power are felt everywhere through the Holy Spirit who is the omnipresent member of the Godhead.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Psalm 139:7, note b
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible Combined Topics on “Omnipresence”:
“Omnipresent (not omnibody, 1 Ki. 8:27; Ps. 139:7-12). Presence is not governed by bodily contact, but by knowledge and relationship (Mt. 18:20; 28:20; cp. 1 Cor. 5:3-4). God’s body is not omnipresent, for it is only at one place at one time like others (Gen. 3:8; 11:5; 18:1-8, 33; 19:24; 32:24-32), but His presence can be realized any place where men know Him and seek Him (Mt. 18:20).”
Source: Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, Combined Topics, “Omnipresent”
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, describing God’s bodily parts:
“God is known in Scripture by over two hundred names. He is described as being like any other person as to having a body, soul, and spirit (Job 13:8; Heb. 1:3; Dan. 7:9-14; 10:5-7). He is a Spirit Being with a body (Dan. 7:9-14; 10:5-6, 9-19; Exodus 24:11; Gen. 18; 32:24-32; Ezek. 1:26-28; Acts 7:54-59; Rev. 4:2-4; 5:1, 5-7; 22:4-5); shape (John 5:37); form (Phil. 2:5-7)… He has back parts; so must have front parts (Exodus 33:23). He has a heart (Gen. 6:6; 8:21); hands and fingers (Exodus 31:18; Ps. 8:3-6; Rev. 5:1, 6-7); nostrils (Ps. 18:8, 15); mouth (Num. 12:8); lips and tongue (Isa. 30:27); feet (Ezek. 1:27; Exodus 24:10); eyes, eyelids, sight (Ps. 11:4; 18:24; 33:18); voice (Ps. 29; Rev. 10:3-4; Gen. 1); breath (Gen. 2:7); ears (Ps. 18:6); countenance (Ps. 11:7); hair, head, face, arms (Dan. 7:9-14; 10:5-19; Rev. 5:1, 6-7; 22:4-6); loins (Ezek. 1:26-28; 8:1-4); bodily presence (Gen. 3:8; 18:1-22; Job 1:6-12; 2:1-7; Ex. 24:10-11); and many other bodily parts as is required of Him to be a person with a body.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 57
God the Son – Not Eternally the Son
Dake’s Christology is equally problematic, teaching adoptionist heresies that the church condemned centuries ago:
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, page 96:
“Christ was not the Son of God from all eternity as is commonly taught… He could not be called the Son until He was begotten by God in the womb of Mary.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 96
This is the ancient heresy of adoptionism—denying the eternal Sonship of Christ. Orthodox Christianity has always affirmed that the Son is eternally begotten of the Father, not begotten in time. Leon Bible completely ignores this fundamental error in Dake’s Christology.
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Luke 1:35:
“The humanity of Christ had a beginning, but the divinity of Christ, or the Word (John 1:1), is eternal… The Word which was God became the Son of God.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Luke 1:35, note c
Dake teaches that the Word became the Son, rather than the eternal Son becoming incarnate. This fundamentally alters the doctrine of the Trinity and the incarnation.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, note on Acts 13:33:
“This refers to the incarnation when the second person of the Divine Trinity took a human body to redeem (Phil. 2:5-11; Isa. 7:14; 9:6). It was when God had a Son through Mary (Mt. 1:18-25; Lk. 1:35; Jn. 1:14). This happened on a certain day, ‘THIS DAY have I begotten thee’ (Heb. 1:5-7), and therefore, we can not say that God had a Son before this time. This proves that sonship in connection with God had to refer to humanity and not to deity. As God, the person we now know of as Jesus Christ had no beginning, was not begotten, was not a Son, and did not come into being. He always existed as God (Ps. 90:2; Mic. 5:2; Jn. 1:1-2; Heb. 1:8), but as man and as God’s Son He was not eternal, He did have a beginning, He was begotten, this being the same time Mary had a Son. Therefore, the doctrine of eternal sonship of Jesus Christ is irreconcilable to reason, is unscriptural, and is contradictory to itself.”
Source: Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, Acts 13:33, note f
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, explaining eternal sonship:
“The word Son in connection with Jesus does not refer to His Deity, but to His humanity. AS GOD, Christ had no beginning, was not begotten, was not the first born, was not born, and therefore, was not a Son; but AS MAN HE had a beginning, was begotten, was the first-born of God, was born, and therefore became the Son of God… It is plainly stated in Micah 5:2; John 1:1-2; Col. 1:17; Rev. 1:8-18; John 17:5 that He had no beginning AS GOD and that He was as eternal and self-existent as the Father and the Holy Spirit. On the other hand, AS MAN it is plainly stated that He had a beginning.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, pages 381-382
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, summarizing eternal sonship:
“As God the second person of the Trinity had no beginning and was not begotten, but as a man He did have a beginning by being begotten of the Father through the Holy Spirit and through the virgin Mary. There is, therefore, no such doctrine in Scripture as the eternal sonship of Jesus Christ or that He was God’s Son from all eternity. There is no excuse to teach some theory that is not stated in Scripture, even if it is commonly accepted as orthodox teaching.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 384
The Holy Spirit – A Third Separate God
According to Dake, the Holy Spirit is not the Spirit of God proceeding from the Father and Son, but a completely separate divine being with His own body:
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, page 446:
“The Holy Spirit is pictured in Scripture as God, as a real person separate and distinct from both the Father and the Son… He also has a personal spirit body, a personal soul, and a personal spirit like all other beings.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 446
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on John 4:24:
“Spirit beings are just as real and tangible and have bodies with parts like human beings.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, John 4:24, note g
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, describing the Holy Spirit’s distinct personality:
“The Holy Spirit is pictured in Scripture as God, as a real person separate and distinct from both the Father and the Son. He is an individual member of the Godhead or Deity, and He has a separate body, soul, and spirit from both the Father and the Son.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 444
Part V: The Devastating Implications of Dake’s Tritheism
The Destruction of Monotheism
Leon Bible tries to defend Dake against the charge of tritheism, but Dake’s own words make this defense impossible:
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Genesis 1:26:
“This proves a plurality of persons in the Godhead, each having a personal body, soul, and spirit, for man was made in the image and likeness of God… If God was only one person, then the pronoun ‘us’ could not have been used.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Genesis 1:26, note m
Dake consistently interprets every plural reference to God as proof of multiple Gods, not multiple persons in one God. This is polytheism, pure and simple.
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, page 492:
“The Godhead consists of three separate and distinct Persons. This fact is simply stated in Scripture… Each one is called God; each one acts as God; and each one demonstrates the attributes of God.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 492
Notice: “Each one is called God.” Not “each person is God” (which would be orthodox) but “each one is called God” as if there are three beings who each bear the title “God.” This is exactly what Mormons teach.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible Combined Topics, “89 Proofs of A Divine Trinity”:
“The word one means one in unity as well as one in number. It means unity in 1 Jn. 5:7, as it does in Jn. 17:11, 21-23, and yet these three persons, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost, are spoken of as one each in number and individuality in Scripture. There is one God the Father, one Lord Jesus Christ, and one Holy Ghost (1 Cor. 8:6; Eph. 4:3-6). Thus there are three separate persons in divine individuality and divine plurality. The Father is called God (1 Cor. 8:6), the Son is called God (Isa. 9:6-7; Heb. 1:8; Jn. 1:1-2; 20:28), and the Holy Spirit is called God (Acts 5:3-4). As individual persons each can be called God and collectively they can be spoken of as one God because of their perfect unity. The word God is used either as a singular or a plural word, like sheep.”
Source: Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, Combined Topics, “89 Proofs of A Divine Trinity,” point 1
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, summarizing the Trinity:
“The Father is called ‘God’ (1 Cor. 8:6); the Son is called ‘God’ (Isa. 9:6; Heb. 1:8; John 20:28); and the Holy Spirit is called ‘God’ (Acts 5:3-4); so all three persons of the Godhead are divine and can be spoken of individually as ‘God’ and collectively as ‘one God’ in the sense of unity. Each one is called ‘Lord,’ and collectively all three can be called ‘one Lord’ in the sense of unity. The Father and Son are both called ‘Lord’ and ‘God’ in the same passages; yet they are clearly distinguished as two separate persons (Heb. 1:8-9; Ps. 110:1; Gen. 19:24; 1 Cor. 11:3). Any family as individuals or collectively could be called by the family name; so it is with the Godhead. All three persons in the Deity are Divine, God, Lord, etc.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 56
The Problem of Prayer
If there are three separate Gods as Dake teaches, which one do we pray to? Dake’s answer reveals the practical chaos of his theology:
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Matthew 6:9:
“Prayer should be addressed to the Father in the name of Jesus Christ… We are not to pray to Jesus or to the Holy Spirit, but to the Father.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Matthew 6:9, note c
But if Jesus is truly God (not just a God), why can’t we pray to Him? The Bible records people worshiping and praying to Jesus (Acts 7:59, Revelation 5:8-14). Dake’s system makes this biblical practice wrong because in his view, the Father, Son, and Spirit are separate Gods with separate jurisdictions.
The Incarnation Becomes Nonsensical
If God already has a body, as Dake teaches, what happened in the incarnation? Dake’s answer reveals the absurdity of his position:
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, page 96:
“The Word (a spirit being with a spirit body) took upon Himself another body, a human body of flesh and bones.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 96
So according to Dake, the incarnation involved a being who already had one body taking on a second body. This makes no theological or logical sense. The wonder of the incarnation is that the infinite, incorporeal God took on human nature. If God already has a body, the incarnation loses its miraculous character.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, explaining the incarnation:
“God prepared a body for the second person of the Godhead in which He was to become incarnate, and it was this man that was born of a woman and was called ‘the Son of God.’ Hence, Sonship refers to humanity, not to deity.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 384
Part VI: How Dake’s Trinity Compares to Known Heresies
The Mormon Connection
Leon Bible strenuously denies any similarity between Dake’s theology and Mormonism, but the parallels are undeniable:
| Mormon Teaching | Dake’s Teaching |
|---|---|
| God the Father has a tangible body | “God has a personal spirit body… shape, image, likeness, bodily parts” |
| The Father, Son, and Spirit are three separate Gods | “Three separate and distinct persons, each having His own personal spirit body” |
| Humans are the same type of being as God | “Man is in the God class of beings” |
| The Godhead is united in purpose, not being | “One in unity, purpose, and agreement, but not in person or body” |
The similarities are not superficial but fundamental. Both Dake and Mormons teach that there are multiple Gods with bodies who are united only in purpose. This is not Christianity but polytheism.
Ancient Tritheism Revived
Dake’s teaching is essentially a revival of ancient tritheism, which the church condemned at various councils. Let’s see how church history has dealt with this error:
What the Bible Says:
The Athanasian Creed (5th century):
“We worship one God in Trinity, and Trinity in Unity; neither confounding the persons nor dividing the substance. For there is one Person of the Father, another of the Son, and another of the Holy Ghost. But the Godhead of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost is all one, the glory equal, the majesty coeternal.”
The creed specifically warns against “dividing the substance”—exactly what Dake does when he teaches three separate beings with three separate bodies.
Part VII: More Evidence Leon Bible Ignored
Dake’s Rejection of the Spiritual Nature of God
One of the most fundamental biblical truths about God is that He is spirit (John 4:24). Leon Bible doesn’t inform his readers how Dake handles this clear biblical statement:
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on John 4:24:
“This does not mean that God is not a person with a spirit body… It means that God is not a man, but a Spirit Being with a Spirit Body. Spirit bodies are just as real and tangible with bodily parts as ours.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, John 4:24, note g
Dake completely redefines what “spirit” means. Instead of understanding that spirit is incorporeal (without body), he invents the category of “spirit body” which is supposedly tangible and has parts. This is theological doublespeak designed to maintain his doctrine of divine corporeality while appearing to accept biblical language.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible Combined Topics:
“The 284 passages on spirits in Scripture prove that spirit bodies are just as real and capable of operation in the material worlds as are flesh beings. There is no such thing as a world of creations made up of invisible substance. The so-called spirit-world must be understood simply as spirit beings inhabiting material worlds created by God. Heaven itself is a material planet (Gen. 1:1; Heb. 11:10-16), having cities, mansions, furniture, inhabitants, living conditions, etc.”
Source: Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, Combined Topics
The Division of Divine Attributes
In orthodox theology, all three persons of the Trinity possess all divine attributes fully. But in Dake’s system, the attributes are divided among the three Gods:
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Genesis 18:21:
“The Father does not know all things directly and personally. He knows all things through the Holy Spirit who is the omnipresent member of the Godhead.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Genesis 18:21, note f
This is a shocking statement. Dake is saying God the Father is not omniscient in Himself but depends on the Holy Spirit for knowledge of events outside His immediate location. This divides the Godhead and makes the Father less than fully God.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, explaining God’s knowledge:
“The question of the omniscience of God is also much misunderstood. The Bible makes many simple statements that limit God’s knowledge. There would be no sense to such passages if we do not believe them literally… God gets to know things concerning the free moral actions of men as others do (Gen. 6:5-7; 11:5-7; 18:21; 22:12; 2 Chron. 16:9; Zech. 4:10; Job 12:22; 24:23; Ps. 7:9; 44:21; Ps. 139:1-6; Prov. 24:12; Jer. 17:10; Ezek. 11:5; Rom. 8:27; 1 Thess. 2:4). God sends messengers throughout the Earth who report to Him of all that they find in the Earth that goes on (Dan. 10:13-21; 11:1; 12:1; Zech. 1:7-11; 6:1-8; Matt. 18:10-11; Heb. 2:4).”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 62
The Literal Heaven as a Physical Planet
Dake’s teaching about heaven further reveals his materialistic theology:
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, page 246:
“Heaven is a literal planet… God’s dwelling place is on a literal planet called Heaven, located in the sides of the north of the universe.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 246
If God lives on a physical planet, He is part of the created order, not transcendent above it. This reduces God to a powerful alien rather than the Creator of all things.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, note on Isaiah 14:13:
“I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north (v 13). Lucifer was not satisfied to sit on his own throne, but wanted to sit also on God’s throne to be worshipped as the Supreme Sovereign of all creations. This gives the location or direction of heaven—north of the earth—and reveals the fact that there is a congregation there.”
Source: Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, Isaiah 14:13, note
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, describing heaven as a planet:
“These facts above prove that God is a real person; that He does live in a real place—a planet called Heaven; that He runs His business like any other person; and that He has special agents sent throughout the Earth to minister to them who shall be heirs of salvation.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 60
Part VIII: The Biblical Response to Dake’s Errors
What Scripture Actually Teaches About God’s Unity
Leon Bible fails to present the clear biblical teaching that contradicts Dake’s tritheism. Let’s examine what Scripture actually says:
What the Bible Says:
Deuteronomy 6:4:
“Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD.”
This is not merely unity of purpose but a declaration of absolute monotheism. Israel’s fundamental confession was that there is only one God, in contrast to the polytheism of surrounding nations.
What the Bible Says:
Isaiah 44:6:
“Thus saith the LORD the King of Israel, and his redeemer the LORD of hosts; I am the first, and I am the last; and beside me there is no God.”
This explicitly denies the existence of multiple Gods. There is no God beside the LORD—not two other Gods working with Him.
What the Bible Says:
1 Corinthians 8:4:
“We know that an idol is nothing in the world, and that there is none other God but one.”
Paul affirms absolute monotheism. There is not a team of Gods but one God only.
What Scripture Teaches About God’s Incorporeal Nature
What the Bible Says:
John 4:24:
“God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth.”
Jesus explicitly states God is spirit. Spirit, by definition, is incorporeal—without body. This directly contradicts Dake’s teaching.
What the Bible Says:
Luke 24:39:
“Behold my hands and my feet, that it is I myself: handle me, and see; for a spirit hath not flesh and bones, as ye see me have.”
Jesus Himself defines spirit as not having flesh and bones—not having a body. If God is spirit, He does not have a body.
What the Bible Says:
Colossians 1:15:
“Who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature.”
God is explicitly called invisible. A being with a body is not invisible but visible. Dake’s corporeal God contradicts this clear biblical statement.
Part IX: Dake’s Confusion of Anthropomorphisms
The Fundamental Interpretive Error
Leon Bible doesn’t explain that Dake’s entire system is built on a fundamental interpretive error—taking anthropomorphic language literally. When the Bible speaks of God’s “hands” or “eyes,” it’s using human language to help us understand God’s actions and attributes, not describing His physical anatomy.
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Exodus 33:23:
“God has back parts. This is one of many scriptures that prove God has a body with parts like man.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Exodus 33:23, note a
But if we take anthropomorphisms literally, we must also believe God has wings (Psalm 91:4), that He is a rock (Deuteronomy 32:4), and that He is a consuming fire (Hebrews 12:29). Dake’s selective literalism is inconsistent and leads to absurd conclusions.
What the Bible Says:
Numbers 23:19:
“God is not a man, that he should lie; neither the son of man, that he should repent.”
Scripture explicitly states God is not a man. He doesn’t have human form or nature. The anthropomorphic language is accommodative, not descriptive.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, defending literal interpretation:
“Such statements are foolish and unscriptural, to say the least… They make such ridiculous propositions about God that it is impossible to comprehend them… Neither does the Bible say that the bodily parts of God are figures of speech or mere human expressions trying to convey some idea of God, or that they do away with the reality of God’s body. All figures of speech emphasize and make as real or more real the ideas they express than if literal language were used. There can be no true figure of speech to convey an idea unless the idea conveyed is real; so if God’s bodily parts are mere figures they are true figures of the real bodily parts of God.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 54
Part X: Why Leon Bible’s Defense Fails
Selective Quotation
Leon Bible’s primary tactic is selective quotation. He carefully chooses statements from Dake that sound orthodox while ignoring the vast amount of material that reveals Dake’s tritheism. This is not honest scholarship but deliberate misrepresentation.
For example, Bible quotes Dake saying the Trinity is “one in unity and eternal substance” but doesn’t quote Dake explaining that this means “one in unity, not in number” and that they are “three separate and distinct persons” with separate bodies who can only be unified “in purpose, plan, and work.”
Redefinition of Terms
Leon Bible allows Dake to redefine theological terms without informing readers of these redefinitions. When Dake uses words like “Trinity,” “one,” “substance,” and “person,” he means something entirely different from orthodox theology. Bible’s failure to explain these redefinitions is deceptive.
False Comparisons
By comparing Dake’s statements with orthodox definitions without explaining how Dake redefines the terms, Bible creates false equivalencies. It’s like saying someone believes in “democracy” without mentioning they define it as totalitarian rule—the word is the same but the meaning is opposite.
Part XI: Additional Evidence of Dake’s Tritheism
The “Let Us” Passages
Dake’s interpretation of passages where God says “Let us” reveals his polytheistic thinking:
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Genesis 3:22:
“Behold, the man is become as one of us. This is another passage proving a plurality of persons in the Godhead, not just different manifestations of one person.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Genesis 3:22, note a
While orthodox theology sees these passages as intimations of the Trinity—one God in three persons—Dake sees them as proof of multiple Gods. The difference is crucial: orthodox faith maintains one God, Dake teaches three.
The Problem of Creation
If there are three separate Gods as Dake teaches, which one created the universe? Dake’s answer creates more problems:
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, page 34:
“All three persons of the Godhead took part in creation. The Father planned it; the Word carried it out; and the Spirit was the power used.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 34
This divides creation among three Gods with different roles, rather than understanding creation as the unified work of the one triune God. It sounds more like a divine committee than the sovereign act of the one Creator.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, “30fold Dispensational Plan” section:
“That the plan was drafted by all 3 members of the divine Trinity is evident from Gen. 1:26-28; 3:22; 11:7; Isa. 6:8; 46:10-11; Acts 15:18; Eph. 1:4-11; 2:7; 3:5-11; 1 Pet. 1:20. The Bible is very clear as to there being 3 separate, distinct, and eternal persons in the Godhead… God’s plan is revealed in 3 distinct parts being carried out by these 3 persons. One, now known as the Father, holds the headship part, another, now called the Son, carries out the representative duties of the plan. God, the Father, creates and redeems BY Jesus Christ (Jn. 1:3; Eph. 3:9; Col. 1:15-18; Heb. 1:1-3; 1 Pet. 2:24). A third person, the Holy Spirit, actually executes the plan under the direction of the Father and the Son.”
Source: Dake’s Annotated Reference Bible, Combined Topics, “The Drafting of God’s Plan”
The Throne Room Vision Problem
Dake’s interpretation of biblical throne room visions further reveals his tritheism:
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Revelation 4:2:
“One sat on the throne. This is God the Father, not the Trinity. The Son is seen separately in Rev. 5:6-7, and the Spirit is seen separately in Rev. 4:5.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Revelation 4:2, note b
Dake interprets symbolic visions as literal photographs, seeing three separate Gods in different locations rather than understanding these as symbolic representations of the one God’s triune nature.
Part XII: The Consequences of Accepting Dake’s Teaching
Worship Becomes Polytheistic
If we accept Dake’s teaching, our worship becomes polytheistic. We’re not worshiping one God in three persons but three Gods who work together. This fundamentally changes the nature of Christian worship:
- Which God do we worship? All three equally? One more than others?
- Can the three Gods disagree? If they’re separate beings, disagreement is possible.
- Is our salvation secure? What if one God wants to save us but another doesn’t?
- How do we understand Scripture? Is it the revelation of one God or a committee report from three?
The Gospel Is Undermined
The gospel message that “God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself” (2 Corinthians 5:19) becomes impossible in Dake’s system. Instead, we have one God (the Father) sending another God (the Son) to reconcile the world to the first God. The profound truth of God Himself bearing our sins is lost.
We Lose the Unique Transcendence of God
If God has a body and lives on a planet, He’s not truly transcendent but part of the created order. He becomes the most powerful being in the universe rather than the Creator who exists outside and above the universe. This reduces God to the level of pagan deities.
Part XIII: Historical Orthodoxy vs. Dake’s Innovation
What the Church Has Always Taught
Leon Bible tries to make it seem like Dake’s teaching falls within the bounds of historical Christianity. Let’s see what the church has actually taught throughout history:
Historical Orthodox Teaching:
The Nicene Creed (325 AD):
“We believe in one God, the Father Almighty… And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds, God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father.”
Note: “one substance with the Father”—not a separate being with a separate body.
Historical Orthodox Teaching:
Augustine (354-430 AD):
“The Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit, and each of these is God, and at the same time all are one God; and each of them is a full substance, and at the same time all are one substance.”
Augustine affirms both threeness and oneness without dividing God into three beings.
Historical Orthodox Teaching:
John Calvin (1509-1564):
“When we profess to believe one God, under the name of God is understood a single, simple essence, in which we comprehend three persons.”
Calvin maintains the unity of essence while distinguishing the persons—exactly what Dake denies.
Dake vs. Every Major Christian Tradition
Leon Bible wants readers to believe Dake’s teaching is within orthodox bounds, but every major Christian tradition rejects what Dake teaches:
- Eastern Orthodox: Affirms one essence, three persons
- Roman Catholic: Affirms one essence, three persons
- Lutheran: Affirms one essence, three persons
- Reformed: Affirms one essence, three persons
- Methodist: Affirms one essence, three persons
- Baptist: Affirms one essence, three persons
- Pentecostal: Affirms one essence, three persons
Dake stands alone (with Mormons and Jehovah’s Witnesses) in teaching three separate beings. This should tell us something about the orthodoxy of his position.
Part XIV: More Damaging Quotes Leon Bible Concealed
On the Visibility of God
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on 1 Timothy 1:17:
“Invisible does not mean that God cannot be seen, but that He is unseen by mortal men in this life… In the next life He will be visible and we shall see Him as He is.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, 1 Timothy 1:17, note p
Dake redefines “invisible” to mean temporarily unseen rather than essentially incorporeal. This allows him to maintain his doctrine of divine corporeality while appearing to accept biblical language.
What Dake Said (Additional Documentation):
From God’s Plan for Man, describing God’s invisibility:
“When we use the word invisible we must not think of it altogether in the terms of substance, but mainly as distance—beyond eyesight, beyond natural visibility. God has been seen with the natural eyes many times, so His invisibility is not something beyond spiritual or physical possibility of manifestation or sight… He will be seen by men in all eternity as we see each other now (Rev. 21:3; 22:4).”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 51
On the Location of God
What Dake Said:
From God’s Plan for Man, page 372:
“God’s throne is in the north part of the universe… He rules from this location through the Holy Spirit who is omnipresent.”
Source: Dake, God’s Plan for Man, page 372
A God who rules from a specific location through another God who is omnipresent is not the omnipresent God of Scripture but a limited, located being dependent on another being for knowledge and power.
On Christ’s Eternal Sonship
What Dake Said:
From Dake Annotated Reference Bible, note on Hebrews 1:5:
“This day have I begotten thee. This refers to the day Christ was begotten in Mary’s womb, not to some time in eternity past.”
Source: Dake Annotated Reference Bible, Hebrews 1:5, note f
This denial of Christ’s eternal Sonship is the ancient heresy of adoptionism. It makes the Son a created being rather than eternally God.
Part XV: The Biblical Doctrine of the Trinity
What Christians Actually Believe
Since Leon Bible has so seriously misrepresented both Dake’s teaching and orthodox doctrine, let’s clarify what Christians actually believe about the Trinity:
Orthodox Christian Teaching:
- There is one God: Not three Gods, not a team of Gods, but one divine essence/being/substance.
- This one God exists in three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are distinct persons, not modes or manifestations.
- Each person is fully God: The Father is God, the Son is God, the Spirit is God—not parts of God but each fully divine.
- The persons are distinct but not separate: They share the one divine essence while maintaining personal distinctions.
- God is spirit: He does not have a body but is incorporeal, infinite, and omnipresent.
This is what the church has taught for two thousand years. This is what the Bible teaches. This is what Dake denies.
Conclusion: The Magnitude of Leon Bible’s Deception
Leon Bible’s attempt to portray Finis Dake as orthodox in his Trinity doctrine is not a minor error or misunderstanding—it is a massive misrepresentation that obscures fundamental heresy. By selectively quoting Dake, ignoring his clear statements of tritheism, and failing to explain how Dake redefines theological terms, Bible has created a false impression that has deceived countless readers.
The Truth About Dake’s Teaching
Based on extensive examination of Dake’s own writings, we can conclusively state:
- Dake taught three separate Gods, not one God in three persons
- Dake taught each person of the Trinity has a separate body
- Dake taught God is not omnipresent but limited to a location
- Dake taught humans are in the “God class” of beings
- Dake taught the unity of God is merely agreement in purpose, not unity of essence
- Dake denied the eternal Sonship of Christ
- Dake’s teaching is essentially identical to Mormon theology regarding the nature of God
These are not minor variations within orthodox Christianity—they are fundamental heresies that place Dake outside the Christian faith. Leon Bible’s attempt to obscure these facts does a grave disservice to his readers and to the truth.
A Call for Honesty
If Leon Bible truly believes Dake’s teachings are biblical, he should present them honestly and completely, allowing readers to make informed decisions. Instead, he has engaged in selective quotation and misrepresentation to create a false impression of orthodoxy where heresy exists.
The church deserves better. Those who have been influenced by Dake’s teachings deserve to know what he actually taught. And most importantly, the truth about God’s nature—that He is one God in three persons, infinite, spiritual, and transcendent—deserves to be proclaimed clearly without the confusion created by Dake’s tritheism and Bible’s misrepresentation.
Final Words
This examination has demonstrated beyond any reasonable doubt that:
- Finis Dake taught tritheism, not biblical Trinitarianism
- Leon Bible has seriously misrepresented Dake’s actual teaching
- Dake’s doctrine of God is fundamentally incompatible with orthodox Christianity
- Those who follow Dake’s teaching are embracing heresy, not biblical truth
May this examination serve to expose error, establish truth, and call the church back to the biblical doctrine of the Trinity: One God—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—eternally existing in perfect unity of essence while maintaining distinction of persons, infinite, spiritual, and worthy of all worship, honor, and praise.
To Him be glory forever and ever. Amen.
Comprehensive Source List
- Bible, Leon. Finis Jennings Dake: His Life and Ministry. Lawrenceville, GA: Dake Publishing, 2006. Appendix Nine: Trinity, pages 479-481.
- Dake, Finis Jennings. Dake Annotated Reference Bible. Lawrenceville, GA: Dake Bible Sales, 1963.
- Dake, Finis Jennings. God’s Plan for Man. Lawrenceville, GA: Dake Publishing, 1949.
- Dake, Finis Jennings. Revelation Expounded. Lawrenceville, GA: Dake Publishing, 1950.
- The Athanasian Creed, 5th century.
- The Nicene Creed, 325 AD.
- Augustine. De Trinitate (On the Trinity).
- Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion.
- Westminster Confession of Faith, 1646.
- Thiessen, Henry C. Lectures in Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1949.
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